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the file is located, \ say c:\\myDirectory, and load the package as follows:\ \>", "Text"], Cell[BoxData[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"SetDirectory", "[", "\"\\"", "]"}], ";"}], " "}], "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"(*", " ", RowBox[{"where", " ", RowBox[{"c", ":", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"\\", "myDirectory"}], " ", "is", " ", "where", " ", "you", " ", "saved", " ", "the", " ", "package", " ", RowBox[{"PainleveTestV2", ".", "m"}]}]}]}], " ", "*)"}]}]}], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.439933473229766*^9, 3.4399334949483767`*^9}, { 3.439933778602811*^9, 3.439933812008847*^9}}], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"Get", "[", "\"\\"", "]"}]], "Input"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData["\<\"Package PainleveTest.m was successfully loaded.\"\>"], \ "Print", CellChangeTimes->{3.439931749540448*^9}], Cell[BoxData["\<\"Last Updated: Friday, January 02, 2009\"\>"], "Print", CellChangeTimes->{3.439931749540448*^9}], Cell[BoxData["\<\"Version 2 first released: February 1, 2006.\"\>"], "Print", CellChangeTimes->{3.439931749540448*^9}] }, Open ]] }, Open ]], Cell[TextData[{ "The companion paper by Baldwin and Hereman, entitled ``Symbolic Software \ for the Painleve Test of Nonlinear Ordinary and Partial Differential \ Equations\" has been published in the Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical \ Physics, vol. 13, number 1, Februrary 2006, pages 90-110. ", StyleBox[" \n\n", FontSlant->"Italic"], "A short description of how to use the package can be obtained by entering:" }], "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.439911129531245*^9, 3.4399111414529676`*^9}}], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"??", "PainleveTest"}]], "Input"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ StyleBox["\<\"PainleveTest[eqn, u[x], x, opts] performs the standard \ Painleve test of a single nonlinear ordinary differential equation. \ \\nPainleveTest[eqn, u[x1, x2, ... ], {x1, x2, ... }, opts] performs the \ standard Painleve test of a single nonlinear partial differential equation. \ \\nPainleveTest[{eqn1, eqn2, ... }, {u1[x], u2[x], ... }, x, opts] performs \ the standard Painleve test of a system of nonlinear ordinary differential \ equations. \\nPainleveTest[{eqn1, eqn2, ... }, {u1[x,t], u2[x,t], ... }, \ {x,t}, opts] performs the standard Painleve test of a system of nonlinear \ partial differential equations. \\nPainleveTest has a number of \ options:\\nVerbose -> True gives a detailed trace of the steps of the \ algorithm;\\nKruskalSimplification -> x2 will use g[x1, x2, ... ] = x2 - \ h[x1, x3, ... ] instead of g[x1, x2, ... ];\\nParameters -> {\[Beta]} \ specifies that \[Beta] is a non-zero parameter;\\nDominantBehaviorMax -> i \ specifies that any free dominant exponents, say \!\(\[Alpha]\_1\), will be \ incremented in integer steps from -3 up to i, where i is an Integer given by \ the user (the default is -1);\\nDominantBehaviorMin -> k specifies that if a \ minimum value for the free dominant exponent, say \!\(\[Alpha]\_1\), cannot \ be determined, then \!\(\[Alpha]\_1\) will be incremented by integer steps \ starting from k up to DominantBehaviorMax. k is the mininum of all fixed \ dominant exponents and the user-specified value of i, which must be \ non-positive (the default is -3);\\nDominantBehavior -> {{alpha[1] -> -2, \ alpha[2] -> -1}, ... } forces the code to use the specified dominant \ behavior;\\nDominantBehaviorVerbose -> j, ResonancesVerbose -> j, and \ ConstantsOfIntegrationVerbose -> j will give additional information about the \ steps of the computation in increasing detail as j is increased (j = 0, 1, 2 \ or 3), default is j = 0.\"\>", "MSG"]], "Print", "PrintUsage", CellChangeTimes->{3.439933750196743*^9}, CellTags->"Info3439908550-7357092"], Cell[BoxData[ InterpretationBox[GridBox[{ { RowBox[{ RowBox[{"Attributes", "[", "PainleveTest", "]"}], "=", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"Protected", ",", "ReadProtected"}], "}"}]}]}, {" "}, {GridBox[{ { RowBox[{ RowBox[{"Options", "[", "PainleveTest", "]"}], "=", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"KruskalSimplification", "\[Rule]", RowBox[{"{", "}"}]}], ",", RowBox[{"Verbose", "\[Rule]", "False"}], ",", RowBox[{"Parameters", "\[Rule]", RowBox[{"{", "}"}]}], ",", RowBox[{"DominantBehaviorMin", "\[Rule]", RowBox[{"-", "3"}]}], ",", RowBox[{"DominantBehaviorMax", "\[Rule]", RowBox[{"-", "1"}]}], ",", RowBox[{"DominantBehavior", "\[Rule]", RowBox[{"{", "}"}]}], ",", RowBox[{"DominantBehaviorConstraints", "\[Rule]", RowBox[{"{", "}"}]}], ",", RowBox[{"DominantBehaviorVerbose", "\[Rule]", "0"}], ",", RowBox[{"ResonancesVerbose", "\[Rule]", "0"}], ",", RowBox[{"ConstantsOfIntegrationVerbose", "\[Rule]", "0"}]}], "}"}]}]} }, BaselinePosition->{Baseline, {1, 1}}, GridBoxAlignment->{ "Columns" -> {{Left}}, "ColumnsIndexed" -> {}, "Rows" -> {{Baseline}}, "RowsIndexed" -> {}}, GridBoxItemSize->{"Columns" -> {{ Scaled[0.999]}}, "ColumnsIndexed" -> {}, "Rows" -> {{1.}}, "RowsIndexed" -> {}}]} }, BaselinePosition->{Baseline, {1, 1}}, GridBoxAlignment->{ "Columns" -> {{Left}}, "ColumnsIndexed" -> {}, "Rows" -> {{Baseline}}, "RowsIndexed" -> {}}], Definition["PainleveTest"], Editable->False]], "Print", CellChangeTimes->{3.4399337502436175`*^9}, CellTags->"Info3439908550-7357092"] }, Open ]] }, Open ]], Cell["\<\ As a first example, we consider the equation due to Korteweg and de Vries \ (the KdV equation) :\ \>", "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"PainleveTest", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"u", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], ",", " ", "t"}], "]"}], "+", RowBox[{"6", "*", RowBox[{"u", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], "*", RowBox[{"D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"u", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], ",", " ", "x"}], "]"}]}], "+", RowBox[{"D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"u", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], ",", " ", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"x", ",", "3"}], "}"}]}], "]"}]}], "\[Equal]", "0"}], "}"}], ",", " ", "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{"u", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], ",", " ", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "}"}], " ", ",", RowBox[{"Verbose", "\[Rule]", "True"}], ",", RowBox[{"ResonancesVerbose", "\[Rule]", "1"}]}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.439910220920908*^9, 3.4399102555296183`*^9}}, FontSize->10], Cell["\<\ The output of the Painleve Test is in the form {{Dominant Behavior, \ Resonances, {Constants of Integration, Constraints}, ...}. In this example, \ the dominant behavior implies that the singularity manifold given by \ \>", "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"g", RowBox[{"(", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], ")"}]}], "=", "0"}], ","}]], "DisplayFormula"], Cell["\<\ is a double pole and the solutions has a Laurent series expansion of the form\ \ \>", "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"u", RowBox[{"(", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], ")"}]}], " ", "=", " ", RowBox[{ SuperscriptBox["g", RowBox[{"-", "2"}]], RowBox[{"(", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], ")"}], " ", RowBox[{ UnderoverscriptBox["\[Sum]", RowBox[{"n", "=", "0"}], "\[Infinity]"], RowBox[{ SubscriptBox["u", "n"], RowBox[{"(", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], ")"}], SuperscriptBox["g", "n"], RowBox[{"(", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], ")"}]}]}]}]}], ","}]], "DisplayFormula"], Cell[TextData[{ "where ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RowBox[{ SubscriptBox["u", "n"], "(", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], ")"}], TraditionalForm]]], " are analytic functions in the neighborhood of the singularity manifold ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RowBox[{"g", " ", "=", " ", "0."}], TraditionalForm]]], " The integer resonances ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"r", " ", "=", " ", RowBox[{"-", "1"}]}], ",", "4", ",", "6"}], TraditionalForm]]], " indicate that the solution lacks any algebraic branch-points in the \ neighborhood of the singularity manifold. Furthermore, since the \ compatibility conditions were trivially satisfied, the solution lacks \ logarithmic branch-points in the neighborhood of the singularity manifold. \ Indeed, at resonance levels r = 4 and r = 6, there were arbitrary \ coefficients in the series and at all other levels the coefficients (also \ called integration constants) were unambigiously and uniquely determined. \n\n\ Detail can be seen for each of the three main steps of the algorithm by \ setting DominantBehaviorVerbose, ResonancesVerbose, and \ ConstantsOfIntegrationVerbose to a number between 1 and 3 (where larger \ numbers give incrementally more detail). \nWe run the same example to see a \ full trace of the computations. " }], "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"PainleveTest", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"u", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], ",", " ", "t"}], "]"}], "+", RowBox[{"6", "*", RowBox[{"u", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], "*", RowBox[{"D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"u", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], ",", " ", "x"}], "]"}]}], "+", RowBox[{"D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"u", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], ",", " ", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"x", ",", "3"}], "}"}]}], "]"}]}], "\[Equal]", "0"}], "}"}], ",", " ", "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{"u", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], ",", " ", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "}"}], ",", " ", RowBox[{"Verbose", " ", "\[Rule]", " ", "True"}], ",", " ", RowBox[{"DominantBehaviorVerbose", " ", "\[Rule]", " ", "3"}], ",", " ", RowBox[{"ResonancesVerbose", " ", "\[Rule]", " ", "3"}], ",", " ", "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{"ConstantsOfIntegrationVerbose", " ", "\[Rule]", " ", "3"}]}], "]"}]], "Input"], Cell[TextData[{ "The Weiss-Kruskal simplified algorithm is also implemented and can be \ activated with the KruskalSimplification -> x option. \nIf so, the code uses \ the simplified Kruskal ansatz where ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"g", "(", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], ")"}], " ", "\[Congruent]", " ", RowBox[{"x", " ", "-", " ", RowBox[{"h", "(", "t", ")"}]}]}], TraditionalForm]]], " for the singularity manifold. The coefficients in the\nLaurent series are \ functions of t only, which drastically simplifies the computations." }], "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"PainleveTest", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"u", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], ",", " ", "t"}], "]"}], "+", RowBox[{"6", "*", RowBox[{"u", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], "*", RowBox[{"D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"u", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], ",", " ", "x"}], "]"}]}], "+", RowBox[{"D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"u", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], ",", " ", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"x", ",", "3"}], "}"}]}], "]"}]}], "\[Equal]", "0"}], "}"}], ",", " ", "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{"u", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], ",", " ", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "}"}], ",", " ", RowBox[{"KruskalSimplification", "\[Rule]", "x"}], ",", " ", RowBox[{"Verbose", " ", "\[Rule]", " ", "True"}]}], "]"}], " "}]], "Input",\ CellChangeTimes->{{3.439922705648694*^9, 3.4399227306483736`*^9}, 3.4399312635438547`*^9}, FontSize->10], Cell["\<\ Let us now turn to our second example: a system of nonlinearly coupled \ Korteweg-de Vries equations (due to Hirota and Satsuma). This example will \ take a while. So, be patient!\ \>", "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"PainleveTest", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"-", "aa"}], "*", RowBox[{"D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"u", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], ",", " ", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"x", ",", " ", "3"}], "}"}]}], "]"}]}], "-", RowBox[{"6", "*", "aa", "*", RowBox[{"u", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], "*", RowBox[{"D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"u", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], ",", " ", "x"}], "]"}]}], "+", RowBox[{"6", "*", RowBox[{"v", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], "*", RowBox[{"D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"v", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], ",", " ", "x"}], "]"}]}], "+", RowBox[{"D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"u", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], ",", " ", "t"}], "]"}]}], " ", "\[Equal]", " ", "0"}], ",", "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"v", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], ",", " ", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"x", ",", " ", "3"}], "}"}]}], "]"}], "+", RowBox[{"3", "*", RowBox[{"u", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], "*", RowBox[{"D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"v", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], ",", " ", "x"}], "]"}]}], "+", RowBox[{"D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"v", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], ",", " ", "t"}], "]"}]}], " ", "\[Equal]", " ", "0"}]}], "}"}], ",", " ", "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"u", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], ",", RowBox[{"v", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}]}], "}"}], ",", " ", "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "}"}], ",", " ", RowBox[{"KruskalSimplification", "\[Rule]", "x"}]}], "]"}], " "}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.4399313374027567`*^9, 3.43993134159023*^9}}, FontSize->10], Cell["\<\ Here, we see that the system has a parameter, aa. Note that (i) there are \ two choices for the dominant behavior of the solution, and (ii) the \ combatibility condition implies that aa = 1/2. Below, the Verbose option is set to True in order for the user to see a \ detailed trace of the computations. A greater level of detail can be see \ for each of the three main steps of the algorithm by setting \ DominantBehaviorVerbose, ResonancesVerbose, or ConstantsOfIntegrationVerbose \ to a number between 1 and 3 (where larger numbers give incrementally more \ detail). \ \>", "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"PainleveTest", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"-", "aa"}], "*", RowBox[{"D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"u", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], ",", " ", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"x", ",", " ", "3"}], "}"}]}], "]"}]}], "-", RowBox[{"6", "*", "aa", "*", RowBox[{"u", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], "*", RowBox[{"D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"u", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], ",", " ", "x"}], "]"}]}], "+", RowBox[{"6", "*", RowBox[{"v", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], "*", RowBox[{"D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"v", "[", RowBox[{"x", ",", "t"}], "]"}], ",", " ", "x"}], "]"}]}], " ", "+", RowBox[{"D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"u", "[", 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